技術めも

unionする前にwhereをするのと、

unionした後にwhereをする場合、

mysqlにおいて、差異はあるのかを確認してみた。

 

動機としては、

「unionする前にwhereをする」のと「unionした後にwhereをする」が同パフォーマンスであれば、

multisourceでviewを作っておいても十分高速に引ける可能性がある、と思ったところです。

いろいろなバージョンで試してみました。

 

予め以下のようなテーブルを作成しておき、100万件登録しておきます。

> desc users;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| email | varchar(128) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

（MySQL5.6）

mysql> explain select * from (select * from users union all select * from users) as t where id = 7542;
+------+--------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+-----------------+
| id   | select_type  | table      | type | possible_keys | key         | key_len | ref   | rows   | Extra           |
+------+--------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+-----------------+
| 1    | PRIMARY      | <derived2> | ref  | <auto_key0>   | <auto_key0> | 4       | const | 10     | NULL            |
| 2    | DERIVED      | users      | ALL  | NULL          | NULL        | NULL    | NULL  | 996473 | NULL            |
| 3    | UNION        | users      | ALL  | NULL          | NULL        | NULL    | NULL  | 996473 | NULL            |
| NULL | UNION RESULT | <union2,3> | ALL  | NULL          | NULL        | NULL    | NULL  | NULL   | Using temporary |
+------+--------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+-----------------+
4 rows in set (0.12 sec)

mysql> explain select * from (select * from users where id = 7542 union all select * from users where id = 7542) as t;
+------+--------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-----------------+
| id   | select_type  | table      | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra           |
+------+--------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-----------------+
| 1    | PRIMARY      | <derived2> | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 2    | NULL            |
| 2    | DERIVED      | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    | NULL            |
| 3    | UNION        | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    | NULL            |
| NULL | UNION RESULT | <union2,3> | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | NULL | Using temporary |
+------+--------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

（MySQL5.7）

mysql> explain select * from (select * from users union all select * from users) as t where id = 7542;
+----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table      | partitions | type | possible_keys | key         | key_len | ref   | rows   | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
| 1  | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | NULL       | ref  | <auto_key0>   | <auto_key0> | 4       | const | 10     | 100.00   | NULL  |
| 2  | DERIVED     | users      | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL        | NULL    | NULL  | 996473 | 100.00   | NULL  |
| 3  | UNION       | users      | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL        | NULL    | NULL  | 996473 | 100.00   | NULL  |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> explain select * from (select * from users where id = 7542 union all select * from users where id = 7542) as t;
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table      | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1  | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | NULL       | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 2    | 100.00   | NULL  |
| 2  | DERIVED     | users      | NULL       | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    | 100.00   | NULL  |
| 3  | UNION       | users      | NULL       | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    | 100.00   | NULL  |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

 

（MySQL8）

mysql> explain select * from (select * from users union all select * from users) as t where id = 7542;
+----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table      | partitions | type | possible_keys | key         | key_len | ref   | rows   | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
| 1  | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | NULL       | ref  | <auto_key0>   | <auto_key0> | 4       | const | 10     | 100.00   | NULL  |
| 2  | DERIVED     | users      | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL        | NULL    | NULL  | 996761 | 100.00   | NULL  |
| 3  | UNION       | users      | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL        | NULL    | NULL  | 996761 | 100.00   | NULL  |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.05 sec)

mysql> explain select * from (select * from users where id = 7542 union all select * from users where id = 7542) as t;
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table      | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| 1  | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | NULL       | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 2    | 100.00   | NULL  |
| 2  | DERIVED     | users      | NULL       | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    | 100.00   | NULL  |
| 3  | UNION       | users      | NULL       | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    | 100.00   | NULL  |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

 

（MariaDB10.1）

MariaDB [test]> explain select * from (select * from users union all select * from users) as t where id = 7542;
+------+-------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
| id   | select_type | table      | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows    | Extra       |
+------+-------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
| 1    | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 1994176 | Using where |
| 2    | DERIVED     | users      | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 997088  |             |
| 3    | UNION       | users      | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 997088  |             |
+------+-------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+---------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [test]> explain select * from (select * from users where id = 7542 union all select * from users where id = 7542) as t;
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id   | select_type | table      | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra |
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1    | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 2    |       |
| 2    | DERIVED     | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    |       |
| 3    | UNION       | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    |       |
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

（MariaDB10.2）

MariaDB [test]> explain select * from (select * from users union all select * from users) as t where id = 7542;
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| id   | select_type | table      | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra       |
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| 1    | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 2    | Using where |
| 2    | DERIVED     | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    |             |
| 3    | UNION       | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    |             |
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [test]> explain select * from (select * from users where id = 7542 union all select * from users where id = 7542) as t;
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id   | select_type | table      | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra |
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1    | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 2    |       |
| 2    | DERIVED     | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    |       |
| 3    | UNION       | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    |       |
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.001 sec)

 

（MariaDB10.3）

MariaDB [test]> explain select * from (select * from users union all select * from users) as t where id = 7542;
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| id   | select_type | table      | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra       |
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| 1    | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 2    | Using where |
| 2    | DERIVED     | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    |             |
| 3    | UNION       | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    |             |
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [test]> explain select * from (select * from users where id = 7542 union all select * from users where id = 7542) as t;
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id   | select_type | table      | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra |
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1    | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ALL   | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 2    |       |
| 2    | DERIVED     | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    |       |
| 3    | UNION       | users      | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const | 1    |       |
+------+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)

 

これ、正直言って、動機を満たす結果を得るのは無理だと思ってたが、、、

MariaDB10.2と10.3は嬉しい結果を出してくれました。

 

以上